1. Introduction
Injury and wound are usually intermixed with each other.
Reality is that these two terms are different from each other. Main difference
between them is that all wounds can be injuries while all injuries cannot be
wounds. There are various kinds of injury and different punishment has been
provided for each kinds of injury.
2. Meaning under section 44 of Pakistan Penal Code
The word injury denotes any harm whatever illegally caused
to person in body, mind, reputation or property.
i. Meaning under Medical Jurisprudence
An injury means a solution or disruption of anatomical
continuity of any tissues of body.
3. Different Kinds of Injury
Under Pakistan Penal code, different kinds of injury have
been mentioned in form of itlaf-i-udw, itlaf-i-salahiyyat-udw, shajjah, jurh
and all kinds of other hurt. As far as medical jurisprudence is concerned,
followings are kinds of injury.
i. Thermal Injury
For explanation of thermal injury, following points are
important
a. Meaning
Tissue injury, which results from application of heat in
any form to external or internal surface of heat, is termed as thermal injury.
b. Forms
Followings are different forms of thermal injury:
b-i. Injury due to explosion
Such injury can be cussed by flame, missiles, blast or hot
gases.
b-ii. Radiation Burn
Radiation burn can be caused by those electric voltages
currents which are produced during thunderstorm, and which reach earth and
cause injuries to people.
b-iii. Chemical Burn
When injury is caused by some chemical substance like acid,
such injury is called chemical burn.
b-iv. Electric Burn
Electric burn can be due to lightening, sparks, flash or electric
contract.
b-v. Scald
If moist heat, which some boiling liquid or gaseous form of
liquid produces, causes some injury, such injury is called scald.
b-vi. Simple Burn
When hot material or flame ceases some injury, such injury
is called simple burn.
ii. Regional Injury
For explanation of regional injury, following points are
important
a. Meaning
Regional injury means that injury, which can be caused on
different parts of human body.
b. Forms
Following are different forms of regional injury:
b-i. Face
Injuries on face are considered grievous hurts, and they
can be caused on eyes, nose and teeth.
b-ii. Neck
Usually injuries on neck are in incised forms. In most of
cases, these injuries are homicidal or suicidal ones. However, such injuries
can also be accidental ones in some cases.
b-iii. Chest
Chest injuries can be caused on heart, ribs, and lungs and
so on. Such injuries can be in forms of closed wounds and open wounds. In most
of cases, such injuries are accidental or homicidal ones. However, such
injuries can also be suicidal ones in some cases.
b-iv. Head
Most of head injuries are accidental or homicidal once.
Such injuries can be in forms of injuries to scalp, skull and brain.
b-v. Bones
Bone fractures are bone injuries.
b-vi. Abdomen
Injuries to abdomen are either closed injuries or open
injuries. Blunt objects can cause closed injuries while open injuries are stab
injuries.
iii. Mechanical Injury
For explanation of mechanical injury, following points are
important
a. Meaning
If some injury is caused to human body through physical violence,
such injury is called mechanical injury.
b. Forms
Some forms of mechanical injury are abrasions, stab wounds,
bruises, incised wounds, lacerations, fabricated wounds, firearm wounds, and defense
wounds.
iv. Accidental Injury
For explanation of accidental injury, following points are
important.
a. Meaning
These are those injuries, which are caused by traffic
accidents.
b. Forms
Injuries of scalp, lacerated wounds and chest injuries are
different forms of accidental injuries.
4. Fabricated Injury
Following points are important for explanation of
fabricated injury.
i. Meaning
When some person causes injury on his own body or allows
another person to cause some injury on his body, such injury is called
fabricated injury. It reveals that such injury is, in fact, forged or
fictitious injury.
ii. Forms
As some person can cause fabricated injury on his body or
another person, with his permission, can cause such injury, therefore
fabricated injury can be self inflicted injury or can be friendly handed
injury,.
ii. Purpose
Main purpose of fabricated injury is to prove victim’s
false charge against accused.
iii. Fabricated Injury & Chare
Fabricated injury remains fruitless to support charge
against accused especially when medical legal report reveals that such injury
is either self inflicted one or friendly handed one.
5. Difference between Ante-mortem & Post-Mortem Injuries
Following are main differences between ante-mortem and
post-mortem injuries
i. Freezing of blood
Blood, which comes out of ante-mortem injury, freezes
around injury and surrounding of injury while blood, which comes out of
post-mortem injury, does not freeze but it will be flowing.
ii. In case of Blunt weapon
If ante-mortem injury has been caused by some blunt weapon,
blood will freeze under skin. However, blood will not freeze under skin when
post-mortem injury has been caused by blunt weapon.
iii. Color of Injury
Color of ante-mortem injury will be pink where as color of
post-mortem injury will be white.
iv. Edges of Injury
Edges of ante-mortem injury will be open due to reaction of
skin and muscular tissues, but edges of post-mortem injury will not be open.
v. Swelling
In case of ante-mortem injury, there will be swelling.
However, swelling will not be present very near to post-mortem injury.
vi. Skin & Muscular Form of Injury
Skin and muscular form of ante-mortem injury will be
shrunk and turned out while skin and muscular form of post-mortem injury will
not be shrunk and turned out.
Conclusion
To conclude, it can be stated that different punishment has
been provided against causing of every injury. Therefore, assessment of kinds
of injury and nature of injury is very important for final conclusion of trial
especially when criminal case is against allegation of causing of some injury.
Reason is that such assessment decides which punishment can be awarded against
accused.
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