Introduction
The
concept of a state in Islam is that of a common wealth of all the Muslims
living as one community under the guidance and doctrine of a Supreme executive
head. Islamic State is a state in which every Muslim has a right to
serve his life according to the principles of The Holy Quran and Sunnah.
Meaning
of State
(i)
Literal Meaning
Literally
it means an organized political community under one government; a common
wealth; a nation.
(ii)
Legal Meaning
“The
organs of Government of a national community.”
Concept of Islamic State
The
concept of Islamic state is that kind of state in which every Muslim has a
right to spend his life according to the principles of Islamic injunctions, where
Islamic Shariah is enforced.
Object
of an Islamic State
The
object of an Islamic state is to make the system of Prayer, Zakat, and to
follow whatever Allah and His Messenger Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) regarded
as virtuous and to forbid whatever they forbids.
Features
of Government in Islamic state
Following
are the features of government in Islamic state
(i)
Sovereignty if Allah
Sovereignty
of Allah is fundamental principle of Islamic state. Sovereignty does and can
only belongs to Allah and no one can claim to be sovereign. He is Omni Potent,
Omni Scient, Omni Competent and Omni Present.
(ii)
Vicegerancey
The title given to Khalifa was known as
Khilafat-ul-RasoolAllah i.e, VICEGERENT OF RASOOL ALLAH. The first pious Caliph
is Hazrat Abu Bakar Saddique (R.A).
(iii)
Shurs
It
is also known as Consultative Assembly. The principles of Shura are compulsory
and are required by Shariah. An Islamic state must consult its subjects in all
important affairs.
(iv)
Independence of Judiciary
Under
the Islamic system, judiciary is independent of executive or legislature.
Everyone is equal before law either he is an ordinary citizen or a caliph.
(v)
Welfare of the state
Islamic
state is a model of welfare state, providing basic facilities of life and
shelter of all its citizens. Hazrat Umar (R.A) says, “Even if a dog
dies at the Bank of Dajl, I will be responsible to Allah for him.”
(vi)
Protection of non Muslim
The
right of non-Muslims are well protected by the Islamic state. Jizya is a tax
imposed on non Muslims for protection of their lives and property from foreign
attacks. Holy Quran Says, Let there be no compulsion in religion”.
(vii)
Relation with other states
Islam
is the religion of Joy, Peace and security. It believes in ideals relations
with other states. The Prophet (SAW) and four Caliphs made a positive role in
this way. They used to give full protocol to foreign missions.
(viii)
Obedience of ruler
The
Quranic injunctions calls upon the Muslims to obey the supreme commander among
them.
(ix)
Role of opposition
People
at large play the role of opposition in State
A
poor woman had made an enquiry to Caliph Umar (R.A) about cloth sheets. Hence,
the people check and control the functions of Government run by Caliph.
(x)
Two Nation theory
Islamic
state is founded on the basis of believers and non believers. Sir Syed Ahmad
Khan is the pioneer of two nation theory. All Muslims of the world are one
nation and cannot be distinguished on the basis of color, race, creed, language
or place of the birth.
(xi)
Duties of the state
Following
are the duties of the state
v Preservation of Din (Religion)
v Preservation of life
v Preservation of Progeny
v Preservation of Intellect
v Preservation of Wealth
Final
Analysis
Hence
for final analysis we can say that, Islam takes a complete perspective of life
and covers all its viewpoints and stages. The essential point of Islamic state
is that man should devote his entire life to the causes of Allah. The concept
of State in Islam is all embracing. It contains all elements and pillars and
structures on which a state can be built. The spirit of state will determine
future course of Islamic state.
Photo
credit: zpolitics.com
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